四川文理学院学报

刑事案件事实认定，要防止过度强调证据体系客观化，更要注意克服传统“人证中心主义”弊端。尤其贿赂犯罪认定，应防止单凭言辞印证认定事实，忽略客观化审查机制。事实认定实行穿透原则，透过行为表象认清行为本质，但也须注意行为外观对穿透的限制，不能突破构成要件“缘心论罪”，如果客观行为不具有表面和内在的违法性，或不具备违法性行为特征，不应以穿透原则认定违法犯罪。对黑恶犯罪组织的事实认定，需采用全面的、历史的认识方法，不能仅对违法行为作“片面累积”，也不能采行逆时效认知，放大历史行为的违法与危害性。

In determining the facts of criminal cases, one must avoid overemphasizing the objectification of the evidentiary system and pay greater attention to overcoming the shortcomings of traditional “witness-centered” approaches.Particularly in the determination of bribery offenses, one should avoid relying solely on corroborating statements to establish facts while neglecting objective review mechanisms. The principle of “penetration” in fact-finding allows one to see through the outward appearance of conduct to its essence; however, one must also be mindful of the limitations imposed by the outward appearance on this penetration. One must not violate the “theory of criminal liability based on intent” by exceeding the elements of the offense. If the objective conduct lacks both superficial and intrinsic illegality, or does not possess the characteristics of illegal conduct, one should not use the principle of penetration to establish criminal liability. In establishing the facts regarding organized crime groups, a comprehensive and historical approach must be adopted. One must not merely engage in a “one-sided accumulation” of illegal acts, nor should one apply a retroactive perspective that exaggerates the illegality and harmfulness of past conduct.